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Atypical hypoplastic left ventricular syndrome in a calf
Karin Y Lemberger1, Kayla R Mohr, John J Andrews
1Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Summary
A rare congenital heart defect, similar to hypoplastic left heart syndrome in humans, was identified in a calf. This complex cardiac anomaly led to severe symptoms and the calf's death.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Defects
- Bovine Medicine
Background:
- Congenital cardiac anomalies are critical in veterinary neonatology.
- Early diagnosis and understanding of complex heart defects are vital for calf survival.
Observation:
- An 8-day-old Angus calf presented with lethargy, weakness, and poor suckle reflex.
- Clinical signs included a left-sided heart murmur and a split S2 sound.
- The calf succumbed within 48 hours of presentation.
Findings:
- Necropsy revealed multiple severe cardiac defects: left ventricular hypoplasia, high ventricular septal defect, left auricular atresia with mitral valve aplasia, patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary trunk atresia.
- Associated findings included suppurative pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and congestion.
- This combination of defects represents a novel presentation in cattle, analogous to hypoplastic left heart syndrome in humans.
Implications:
- This case highlights a previously unreported complex congenital heart defect in cattle.
- Understanding such anomalies is crucial for veterinary diagnostics and potential future management strategies.
- Further research into the genetic or environmental factors contributing to these defects in cattle may be warranted.