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Bovine arsenic toxicosis.

Regg Neiger1, Nicole Nelson, Dale Miskimins

  • 1Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|October 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Arsenic poisoning caused calf deaths on a South Dakota ranch. Necropsy revealed lymphoid tissue necrosis and high arsenic levels in kidneys, linked to Paris Green pesticide.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Toxicology
  • Animal Pathology

Background:

  • Arsenic poisoning is a significant threat to livestock health.
  • Identifying the source of toxic exposure is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of unexplained calf mortality on a South Dakota ranch.
  • To identify the toxic agent and its source responsible for the deaths.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination of affected calves.
  • Gross necropsy and histopathological examination of tissues.
  • Toxicological analysis of kidney samples for heavy metals.

Main Results:

  • Calves presented with diarrhea, neurological signs, and rapid death.
  • Necropsy showed intestinal fluid accumulation and severe lymphoid necrosis.

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  • Kidney arsenic concentrations ranged from 25 to 44 ppm, with no significant lead detected.

    • Conclusions:

    • The deaths were attributed to acute arsenic poisoning.
    • The source of arsenic exposure was identified as Paris Green (cupric acetoarsenite) from an old dump site.
    • Environmental contamination with historical pesticides poses a risk to livestock.