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Heat stroke: a comprehensive review.

Theresa Pluth Yeo1

  • 1The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe St, Rm 457, Baltimore, MD 21030, USA. tyeo@son.jhmi.edu

AACN Clinical Issues
|October 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Heat stroke is a severe condition with core body temperature over 40.6°C. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimal prognosis, as delays exceeding two hours worsen outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Heat stroke (HS) is a critical medical emergency.
  • It is characterized by a core body temperature exceeding 40.6°C.
  • Two primary forms exist: classic and exertional heat stroke.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis requires elevated body temperature and neurological dysfunction.
  • Clinical signs include fatigue, altered mental status, and skin changes (dry or sweaty).
  • Associated symptoms may involve nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness.

Findings:

  • Severe HS can lead to acute renal failure, DIC, and rhabdomyolysis.
  • Long-term neurological deficits occur in about 20% of cases.
  • Early intervention significantly improves patient outcomes.

Implications:

  • Rapid cooling and fluid resuscitation are vital for managing heat stroke.
  • Timely medical attention is essential to prevent severe complications and long-term sequelae.
  • Understanding HS risk factors and early symptoms can save lives.

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