Ultrastructural diagnosis of human pituitary adenomas

Electron microscopy, which has been instrumental in the characterization of normal pituitary cell types, has also played a crucial role in the morphologic classification of pituitary adenomas arising in the presently known 5 cell types, and in the recognition of 3 adenoma types with yet undisclosed cell derivation. This review deals with the application of electron microscopy for study of pituitary adenomas in order to provide specific pathological diagnosis and aid the clinician in selecting appropriate postoperative treatment. In addition to the ultrastructural appearance and diagnostic features of 15 adenoma types, the morphology of hyperplastic proliferations and that of known normal counterparts of various adenoma types are also discussed. Specific morphologic diagnosis of pituitary lesions is important not only for adequate postoperative management of patient, but is also a prerequisite for study of the natural history and biological behaviour of various adenoma types.