Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
Published on: April 11, 2014
The Suzuki homocoupling reaction under high-intensity ultrasound
Giancarlo Cravotto1, Giovanni Palmisano, Stefano Tollari
1Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy. giancarlo.cravotto@unito.it
Abstract:
The Pd-catalysed Suzuki homocoupling of boronic acids was successfully carried out in water under high-intensity ultrasound (HIU). Heterogeneous catalysis with Pd/C, facilitating work up and purification, could be used without adding phosphine ligands. Reaction rates and yields were strongly influenced by the oxidant employed; excellent results were obtained using either molecular oxygen or 3-bromo-4-hydroxycoumarin. 3-Arylation of the latter with the Suzuki procedure had failed, exclusively affording the homocoupling products, symmetric biaryls. Besides offering a number of operational advantages, the use of HIU broadens the field of application for the Suzuki reaction.
More Related Videos
09:05Generation and Quantitative Analysis of Pulsed Low Frequency Ultrasound to Determine the Sonic Sensitivity of Untreated and Treated Neoplastic Cells
Published on: July 22, 2015
08:24Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
Published on: November 11, 2008
Related Concept Videos
Heterogeneous Catalysis
Ultrasonography
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism
E2 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...