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Fall incidence in frail older women after individualized visual feedback-based balance training
Sanna Sihvonen1, Sarianna Sipilä, Sara Taskinen
1Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35 (Viveca), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. sihvonen@sport.jyu.fi
Background:
The knowledge concerning balance training actually lowering fall rates among frail older persons is limited.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week individualized visual feedback-based balance training on the fall incidence during 1-year follow-up among frail older women living in residential care.
Methods:
Twenty-seven older women from 2 residential care homes were randomized into exercise (n = 20) and control (n = 7) groups. Balance measurements were carried out before and after a 4-week training period and falls were monitored by monthly diaries for 1 year. An interview about fear of falling and physical activity was completed before and after the intervention and after the 1-year follow-up.
Results:
A positive effect of balance training on fall incidence was found. A dynamic Poisson regression model showed that during the follow-up the monthly risk of falling was decreased in the exercise group compared to controls (risk ratio 0.398, 95% CI 0.174-0.911, p = 0.029). In addition, the exercise group reported a reduced fear of falling and increased physical activity after a training period but these changes declined during the follow-up period.
Conclusion:
Individualized visual feedback-based balance training was shown to be a promising method for fall prevention among frail older women. High compliance (97.5%) with the training program showed that carefully targeted training programs can be carried out among older people with health limitations.
