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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the C=O stretching, is...
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency, 1710 cm−1. The C=O bond of the...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Extreme Nanowires and Other 1D Systems
07:44

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Extreme Nanowires and Other 1D Systems

Published on: April 28, 2016

UV Raman spectroscopy of hydrocarbons.

G R Loppnow1, L Shoute, K J Schmidt

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada. glen.loppnow@ualberta.ca

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|October 16, 2004
PubMed
Summary

This study presents fluorescence-free UV Raman spectra for various hydrocarbons, revealing distinct marker bands for different classes. These findings aid in developing a molecular model for vibrational frequencies.

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Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Extreme Nanowires and Other 1D Systems
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Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
09:57

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

Published on: February 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • UV Raman spectroscopy offers a powerful tool for analyzing molecular structures.
  • Hydrocarbons, particularly aromatic compounds, are fundamental in chemistry and materials science.
  • Previous studies have explored UV Raman spectra of hydrocarbons, but comprehensive analysis across various classes is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To obtain and analyze UV Raman spectra of a wide range of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • To identify fluorescence-free spectral data for improved signal-to-noise ratio.
  • To establish clear marker bands for classifying different hydrocarbon structures and develop a molecular-based vibrational model.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of UV Raman spectra at 220 and 233 nm excitation wavelengths.
  • Analysis of monocyclic, bicyclic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including N- and S-containing variants.
  • Comparison of spectra from neat liquid/solution states versus the solid state.

Main Results:

  • Fluorescence-free UV Raman spectra were obtained, even for highly fluorescent compounds like perylene.
  • Significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios were observed in liquid or solution states compared to solid states.
  • Distinct marker bands were identified for various hydrocarbon classes, aiding structural identification.

Conclusions:

  • UV Raman spectroscopy is effective for analyzing diverse hydrocarbon structures without fluorescence interference.
  • The state of the sample (liquid/solution vs. solid) significantly impacts spectral quality.
  • The identified marker bands and spectral patterns support a molecular-based model for vibrational group frequencies in hydrocarbons.