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Updated: Aug 21, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
Published on: December 8, 2014
Concussion history predicts self-reported symptoms before and following a concussive event
Jared M Bruce1, Ruben J Echemendia
1Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, 314 Bruce V. Moore Bldg., College of the Liberal Arts, University Park, PA 16802-3105, USA. jmb518@psu.edu
Abstract:
The authors evaluated how history of concussion affects symptom reporting prior to and after sustaining a concussion. At baseline, athletes with a positive concussion history reported more current symptomatology than athletes who had never been concussed. At 2 hours postinjury, concussed athletes with a history of previous concussion (PC) reported fewer symptoms than concussed athletes with no previous concussion history (NPC). By 1 week postinjury, however, PC athletes reported more symptoms than NPC athletes.
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