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Higher Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden Associated With Cumulative Concussion History and Age-Related Differences.

Benjamin L Brett1, Mikaela E Sullivan, Neelum T Aggarwal

  • 1Author Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr Brett, Ms Sullivan, and Dr McCrea); Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Aggarwal); Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Drs Kerr and DeFreese); Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Chandran); Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Dr Walton); Institute for Women's Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Dr Walton); Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (Dr Guskiewicz); Psychological and Neurobehavioral Associates, Inc., State College, Pennysylvania (Dr Echemendia); Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Drs Meehan and Mannix); Department of Pediatrics and Orthopedics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Dr Meehan); and Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Mannix).

The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent concussions are linked to cardiovascular issues, especially in younger former athletes. Early screening and management of cardiovascular risk factors are crucial for athletes with a history of concussion.

Keywords:
TBIbrain injurycardiovascular riskconcussiondiabeteshyperlipidemiahypertensionsleep apnea

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Recurrent concussions may lead to long-term adverse outcomes through cardiovascular dysfunction.
  • Earlier onset of concussion history increases the risk of these outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction of concussion history and age on cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) prevalence.
  • To examine the association between CRFs and multidomain function across different age groups in former professional football players.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized survey data from former National Football League (NFL) players.
  • Dichotomized participants into younger (≤50 years) and older (>50 years) age groups.
  • Employed logistic and linear regression to analyze interactions and associations, assessing CRFs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea) and clinical outcomes (Depression, Anxiety, Cognitive Function, Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol).

Main Results:

  • Significant interactions between concussion history and age were found for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, with higher diagnoses in younger athletes with more concussions.
  • Sleep apnea prevalence increased with concussion history, irrespective of age.
  • CRFs, particularly hypertension and hyperlipidemia, were associated with higher symptom endorsement in younger former players.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular health represents a significant pathway linking recurrent concussions to adverse long-term outcomes in former contact sport athletes.
  • Findings support the need for early screening and management of CRFs in athletes with a substantial concussion history.
  • A proactive clinical approach is recommended to mitigate long-term health risks associated with concussion history.