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Related Experiment Videos

Why does dissimilarity matter? Exploring self-categorization, self-enhancement, and uncertainty reduction.

Prithviraj Chattopadhyay1, Elizabeth George, Sandra A Lawrence

  • 1Australian Graduate School of Management, Sydney, NSW. prithvic@agsm.edu.au

The Journal of Applied Psychology
|October 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Demographic dissimilarity in work groups negatively impacts group prototype clarity and individual self-perceptions. This finding supports the use of self-categorization theory in relational demography research.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Relational demography research often utilizes self-categorization theory.
  • Underlying psychological processes linking demographic dissimilarity to group identification require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how demographic dissimilarity influences group identification through prototype valence, clarity, and self-prototypicality.
  • To empirically test the applicability of self-categorization theory in explaining group dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 34 diverse work groups.
  • Measurement of demographic composition (proportion of women and non-Australians).
  • Assessment of group prototype valence, prototype clarity, and individual self-prototypicality.

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Main Results:

  • Higher proportions of women and non-Australians were associated with lower prototype valence.
  • Demographic dissimilarity negatively affected prototype clarity for all group members.
  • Perceptions of self-prototypicality were reduced in groups with greater demographic dissimilarity.

Conclusions:

  • Demographic dissimilarity undermines key elements of self-categorization theory within work groups.
  • Findings support the continued application of self-categorization theory in relational demography.
  • Interventions aimed at enhancing group cohesion should consider the impact of demographic dissimilarity on group perceptions.