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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Detecting Estrogenic Ligands in Personal Care Products using a Yeast Estrogen Screen Optimized for the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory
14:13

Detecting Estrogenic Ligands in Personal Care Products using a Yeast Estrogen Screen Optimized for the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory

Published on: January 1, 2018

Human endometrial nuclear estrogen receptors among Norplant implant users

M K Toppozada1, M K Al-Sakkaf, M Y Anwar

  • 1University of Alexandria, Egypt.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|January 1, 1997
PubMed

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Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors01:07

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors that reside within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus. Many mammalian steroid hormones and nitric oxide (NO) gas use this cell signaling mechanism.
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Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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