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This study measured primordial radionuclides in soil samples from Egypt's Nile Delta. Some samples exceeded safe limits for external hazard and radium equivalent activity, indicating potential radiation exposure risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Geology

Background:

  • Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are present in various geological formations.
  • Understanding the distribution and concentration of primordial radionuclides is crucial for assessing environmental radiation levels.
  • The Nile Delta region in Egypt is a significant geological area with potential for NORM accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides (Uranium-238, Uranium-235, Thorium-232, Potassium-40) in soil samples from the Nile Delta near Rosetta beach.
  • To calculate various radiological hazard indices, including external hazard index (Hex), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), activity concentration index (I), and alpha index (Iα).
  • To assess the potential radiological risks to the environment and human health associated with the measured radionuclide levels.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of 30 soil samples from the north of the Nile Delta near Rosetta beach, Egypt.
  • Utilizing a Hyper-Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector for precise gamma-ray spectrometry.
  • Calculation of radionuclide concentrations and various radiological hazard indices based on measured activity levels.

Main Results:

  • Activity concentrations for 238U ranged from 36.5-177.4 Bq/kg, for 232Th from 50-397.5 Bq/kg, and for 40K from 56.1-168.9 Bq/kg.
  • Calculated external hazard indices (Hex) ranged from 0.32-2.04, with some exceeding the upper limit of unity.
  • Radium equivalent activities (Raeq) ranged from 118.67-753.91 Bq/kg, with several values surpassing the exemption limit of 370 Bq/kg.

Conclusions:

  • Some soil samples from the studied area exhibit elevated levels of primordial radionuclides.
  • The calculated hazard indices suggest potential radiological risks in certain locations due to exceeding established safety limits.
  • Further investigation and monitoring are recommended to understand the long-term implications of these findings.