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Related Experiment Videos

Error-related psychophysiology and negative affect.

Greg Hajcak1, Nicole McDonald, Robert F Simons

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. hajcak@udel.edu

Brain and Cognition
|November 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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High negative affect is linked to heightened error-related brain activity (ERN) and physiological responses, alongside reduced error positivity (Pe). This suggests a connection between negative emotions and how the brain monitors errors.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological markers of error detection and response monitoring.
  • Autonomic measures like heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) also reflect internal error detection.
  • Enhanced ERN is observed in anxiety, suggesting a link to negative affect (NA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between self-reported negative affect and error-related physiological responses.
  • To explore the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in integrating affective distress and response monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A between-groups design was employed to compare individuals with high versus low negative affect.
  • Electrophysiological measures (ERN, Pe) and autonomic responses (SCR) were recorded during an error-detection task.

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  • Self-reported negative affect was assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Individuals with high NA exhibited significantly larger ERN and error-related SCR compared to those with low NA.
    • High NA was associated with a smaller Pe.
    • These findings support the link between negative affect and enhanced error-related physiological activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Negative affect is associated with altered error monitoring, specifically greater electrophysiological and autonomic responses to errors.
    • The results align with the known function of the anterior cingulate cortex in regulating affect, response selection, and autonomic processes.
    • These findings have implications for understanding psychopathology and response monitoring mechanisms.