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Orbital apex syndrome.

Steven Yeh1, Rod Foroozan

  • 1Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|November 4, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Orbital apex syndromes, characterized by vision loss and cranial nerve palsies, require a thorough evaluation. Diagnosis relies on imaging like MRI and CT, often supplemented by biopsy for definitive causes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Orbital apex syndromes present with visual loss and ophthalmoplegia, affecting multiple cranial nerves.
  • Historically distinct terms (superior orbital fissure, orbital apex, cavernous sinus) describe anatomical locations but share similar diagnostic and management approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the diagnosis and evaluation of disorders affecting the orbital apex.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic and evaluation strategies for orbital apex disorders.
  • Emphasis on imaging modalities and biopsy for definitive diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • High-resolution MRI is the primary imaging modality for orbital apex lesions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • CT is valuable for trauma, bone evaluation, or MRI contraindications.
  • Laboratory studies and surgical biopsy are crucial for definitive diagnosis.

    • Conclusions:

    • Orbital apex syndromes stem from diverse causes including inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, and vascular conditions.
    • A comprehensive history and review of systems aid in differential diagnosis.
    • Management targets the underlying etiology, potentially guided by biopsy; corticosteroids may be used cautiously for inflammatory cases.