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Sport-related concussion: factors associated with prolonged return to play
Chad A Asplund1, Douglas B McKeag, Cara H Olsen
1Department of Family Practice, DeWitt Army Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA. chad.asplund@us.army.mil
Objective:
To assess predictive value of concussion signs and symptoms based on return-to-play timelines.
Design:
Physician practice study without diagnosis that includes presentation, initial and subsequent treatment, and management of concussion.
Setting:
National multisite primary care sports medicine provider locations.
Participants:
Twenty-two providers at 18 sites; 101 athletes (91 men, 10 women in the following sports: 73 football, 8 basketball, 8 soccer, 3 wrestling, 2 lacrosse, 2 skiing, 5 others; 51 college, 44 high school, 4 professional, and 2 recreational).
Main Outcome Measurements:
Duration of symptoms, presence of clinical signs, and time to return to play following concussion.
Results:
One hundred one concussions were analyzed. Pearson chi2 analysis of common early and late concussion symptoms revealed statistical significance (P < 0.05) of headache >3 hours, difficulty concentrating >3 hours, any retrograde amnesia or loss of consciousness, and return to play >7 days. There appeared to be a trend in patients with posttraumatic amnesia toward poor outcome, but this was not statistically significant.
Conclusions:
When evaluating concussion, symptoms of headache >3 hours, difficulty concentrating >3 hours, retrograde amnesia, or loss of consciousness may indicate a more severe injury or prolonged recovery; great caution should be exercised before returning these athletes to play.