Synchrotron diffraction study of deformation mechanisms in mineralized tendon

The high stiffness and toughness of biomineralized tissues are related to the material deformation mechanisms at different levels of organization, from trabeculae and osteons at the micrometer level to the mineralized collagen fibrils at the nanometer length scale. Quantitatively little is known about the sub-micrometer deformation mechanisms under applied load. Using a parallel-fibred mineralized tissue from the turkey leg tendon as a model for the mineralized collagen fibrils, we used in situ tensile testing with synchrotron x-ray diffraction to measure the average fibril deformation with applied external strain. Diffraction peak splitting occurred at large strains, implying an inhomogeneous elongation of collagen fibrils. Scanning electron microscopy measurements lead us to conclude that the inhomogeneous mineralization in mineralized tendon is at the origin of the high fracture strain.