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Related Experiment Videos

Glycopeptide resistant Staphylococcus.

W Witte1

  • 1National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany. wittew@rki.de

Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health
|November 5, 2004
PubMed
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Glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, including intermediate (VISA) and full resistance (VRSA), is a growing concern. Distinguishing these resistant strains is crucial for effective treatment and infection control.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus emerged in the late 1990s.
  • Distinguishing vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA/GISA) from vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) is critical for clinical and epidemiological management.
  • VISA/GISA phenotypes are linked to glycopeptide use and clonal spread, particularly in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical and epidemiological significance of differentiating VISA/GISA from VRSA.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of VRSA emergence through vanA gene acquisition from enterococci.
  • To provide an overview of the current prevalence of VISA/GISA and VRSA globally and in Central Europe.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Literature review and epidemiological data analysis.
  • Review of mechanisms of resistance development in Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Analysis of reported cases and prevalence data for VISA, GISA, and VRSA.

    • Main Results:

    • VISA/GISA phenotypes are selected by glycopeptide use and can spread via clonal expansion of MRSA.
    • VRSA emerges through the acquisition of the vanA gene, often associated with vanA-carrying Enterococcus species.
    • Three independent VRSA emergence cases have been reported in the USA, with two linked to enterococcal reservoirs. VISA/GISA prevalence in Central European MRSA is low (<0.1%), and no VRSA have been detected.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective differentiation between VISA/GISA and VRSA is essential for patient care and public health.
    • Enterococci serve as a reservoir for the vanA gene, contributing to VRSA emergence.
    • While VISA/GISA is globally recognized, VRSA remains rare, particularly in regions like Central Europe with low reported frequencies.