Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 1, 2026

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
Published on: February 4, 2016
Duplicated receptors for VIP and PACAP (VPAC1R and PAC1R) in a teleost fish, Fugu rubripes
J C R Cardoso1, D M Power, G Elgar
1Fugu Genomics group, MRC-HGMP Resource Centre, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Abstract:
Two principal groups of receptors orthologous with human PAC1R and VPAC1R and were identified and characterised at the genomic level in the teleost fish Fugu rubripes. An additional group orthologous with VPAC2R was also identified and partially characterised. In Fugu, gene duplication of each of the PAC1Rs, VPAC1Rs and VPAC2Rs appears to have occurred. The topology of the tree surrounding the Fugu duplications and other isolated piscine sequences indicates that the duplication events for these six genes clearly preceded the speciation event leading to the Cypriniformes and Tetraodontiformes and is probably teleost-specific. Overall, the combined pattern of gene expression for each pair of duplicated genes mirrored the expression in other vertebrates. However, within each pair of duplicates further specialisation had occurred, with each demonstrating differential tissue distribution profiles suggesting they that may be responsible for the divergent action of the ligands, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). The Fugu VPAC1R gene regions showed conserved synteny with human chromosome 3p21.3 and also C. elegans chromosome X, indicating that the putative ancestral human chromosome 3 region may be equivalent to chromosome X in Caenorhabditis elegans.
More Related Videos
10:11In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ
Published on: September 10, 2016
08:16Detection of G Protein-coupled Receptor Expression in Mouse Vagal Afferent Neurons using Multiplex In Situ Hybridization
Published on: September 20, 2021
Related Concept Videos
G-protein Coupled Receptors
Fixed Action Patterns
Rab Proteins
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
Rab Cascades
G Protein-coupled Receptors
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...