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Scientific surface roughness values for resin based materials.

E S Grossman1, M Rosen, P E Cleaton-Jones

  • 1MRC/Wits Dental Research Institute, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3. grossmane@dentistry.wits.ac.za

SADJ : Journal of the South African Dental Association = Tydskrif Van Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging
|November 13, 2004
PubMed
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Dental restorative materials' surface roughness requires more than just Ra values. Utilizing Rv and Rp measurements better reveals polish-induced changes and identifies defects, improving restoration longevity.

Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Surface Characterization
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Surface roughness of dental restorative materials is typically measured using profilometry (Ra value) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  • Validation between these methods is crucial for accurate surface roughness assessment.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture the complexities of surface topography changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare profilometer-derived surface roughness values (Ra, Rv, Rp, Rt) with SEM observations for six resin-based restorative materials.
  • To evaluate the suitability of Ra as the sole measure of surface roughness.
  • To investigate the impact of polishing on surface characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Six resin-based materials were prepared as discs, with one side polished and the other unpolished.

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  • Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, recording Ra, Rv, Rp, and Rt values (n=18 per surface).
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate surface topography of polished and unpolished specimens.

    • Main Results:

    • A consistent ascending order of roughness (Z, Pr, H, C, V, Pf) was observed for Ra, Rv, Rp, and Rt values across unpolished and polished surfaces.
    • Polishing altered surface topography, categorizing materials into "bland" (Pr, H, Z, C) and "textured" (Pf, V) groups.
    • SEM revealed polishing-induced surface scratching, matrix removal, filler particle changes, and void exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • Assessing dental material surface roughness necessitates employing multiple measurement techniques.
    • Rv and Rp values provide critical insights into polish-induced surface alterations.
    • The Rv maximum is a superior indicator for identifying surface defects that may compromise restoration longevity.