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Respiratory failure: an overview.
Nicolaos K Markou1, Pavlos M Myrianthefs, George J Baltopoulos
1Athens University School of Nursing ICU at KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Critical Care Nursing Quarterly
|November 13, 2004
Summary
Respiratory failure occurs when the respiratory system fails in gas exchange, impacting arterial blood gases. This review covers its mechanisms, consequences, causes, evaluation, and treatments for acute and chronic cases.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Respiratory failure is a critical condition characterized by impaired gas exchange.
- It results from either the respiratory 'pump' or the lungs themselves failing, or both.
- Abnormal arterial blood gases are the primary indicator of respiratory failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying respiratory failure.
- To detail indices for assessing gas exchange abnormalities.
- To outline the physiological and clinical sequelae of respiratory failure.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge.
- It discusses mechanisms, indices, consequences, causes, evaluation, and treatment.
- No new experimental data were generated.
Main Results:
- Respiratory failure stems from impaired respiratory system function, leading to abnormal arterial blood gases.
- Understanding mechanisms and consequences is key to clinical evaluation and management.
- A spectrum of causes exists, requiring tailored treatment for acute and chronic forms.
Conclusions:
- Respiratory failure necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology.
- Effective management involves accurate assessment of gas exchange abnormalities and prompt treatment.
- This review provides a foundational overview for clinicians managing respiratory failure.