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Updated: Aug 21, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
Published on: May 6, 2014
A comparative study of clinically well-characterized human atherosclerotic plaques with histological, chemical, and
A Becker1, M Epple, K M Müller
1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, D-45111 Essen, Germany.
Abstract:
Atherosclerotic plaques (six cases) with well-documented clinical history were analysed using histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry (TG), and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction. All samples contained about 60-70 wt% biological carbonated apatite (in dry state) in a nanocrystalline form with particle sizes of about 20 nm. Structurally, there are strong similarities to bone mineral. Ultrastructural investigations documented typical calcospherites, mineralisation processes starting at collagen fibrils and ring-shaped crystalline mineralised structures. There were no significant ultrastructural or chemical differences between the calcifications of individual patients.
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