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Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
Published on: January 17, 2011
Pediatric considerations
Margaret M Parker1, Jan A Hazelzet, Joseph A Carcillo
1Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Insights
Critical care experts developed sepsis management guidelines for bedside clinicians. Pediatric considerations highlight unique needs in intubation, fluid resuscitation, and hemodynamic profiles for severe sepsis.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatric Critical Care
Background:
- Sepsis management guidelines are crucial for improving outcomes in severe sepsis.
- The Surviving Sepsis Campaign aims to increase awareness and enhance patient care.
- International collaboration is key to developing practical, evidence-based guidelines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop practical management guidelines for supportive therapies in sepsis for bedside clinicians.
- To address the specific needs and challenges of pediatric sepsis management.
- To provide a consensus-based approach to sepsis care.
Main Methods:
- Modified Delphi method and consensus conference.
- Subgroup meetings, teleconferences, and electronic discussions.
- Inclusion of pediatric representatives to highlight pediatric-specific considerations.
Main Results:
- Guidelines developed by experts from 11 international organizations.
- Pediatric considerations identified unique management needs.
- Specific pediatric challenges include intubation, IV access, and fluid resuscitation.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric sepsis management requires tailored approaches.
- Key pediatric considerations include respiratory support, fluid volume, and hemodynamic monitoring.
- Further research is needed on specific interventions like high-dose steroids and glucose control in pediatric septic shock.
Objective:
In 2003, critical care and infectious disease experts representing 11 international organizations developed management guidelines for other supportive therapies in sepsis that would be of practical use for the bedside clinician, under the auspices of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, an international effort to increase awareness and to improve outcome in severe sepsis.
Design And Methods:
The process included a modified Delphi method, a consensus conference, several subsequent smaller meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. Pediatric representatives attended the various section meetings and workshops to contrast adult and pediatric management. These are published here as pediatric considerations.
Conclusion:
Pediatric considerations included a more likely need for intubation due to low functional residual capacity, more difficult intravenous access, fluid resuscitation based on weight with 40-60 mL kg or higher needed, decreased cardiac output and increased systemic vascular resistance as the most common hemodynamic profile, greater use of physical examination therapeutic endpoints, the unsettled issue of high-dose steroids for therapy of septic shock, and greater risk of hypoglycemia with aggressive glucose control.
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