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Endocarditis caused by Coccidioides species.

Christina S Reuss1, Matthew C Hall, Janis E Blair

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|November 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Coccidioidal endocarditis is a rare but serious fungal infection affecting heart valves. This uncommon manifestation of Coccidioides infection carries a poor prognosis, often proving fatal.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Coccidioides species rarely cause endocarditis.
  • This study reviews 2 new cases and 4 previously reported cases of coccidioidal endocarditis.

Observation:

  • Coccidioidal endocarditis occurred in patients with prolonged or disseminated Coccidioides infections.
  • Vegetations were found on heart valves or valvular rings, with observed embolic phenomena.
  • Blood cultures were consistently negative, complicating diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Serologic titers for Coccidioides species varied widely among patients (1:1-1:2048).
  • The overall mortality rate in the reviewed cases was high, with 4 out of 6 patients succumbing to the infection.

Implications:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Coccidioidal endocarditis is an infrequent but severe complication of Coccidioides infection.
  • The condition is associated with a grave prognosis.
  • Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial, despite challenges with blood cultures.