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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

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Superior labrum, anterior-posterior lesions and biceps injuries: diagnostic and treatment considerations
Marc I Harwood1, Christina T Smith
1Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. marc.harwood@jefferson.edu
Abstract:
Proximal biceps tendon rupture, biceps tendinitis, and medical biceps subluxation are injuries that occur alone and in association with other pathologic conditions of the shoulder. The literature describes various strategies for imaging and treating these biceps tendon complex injuries but offers no clear consensus on a gold-standard approach. The keys to successful treatment are an accurate diagnosis, identification of associated pathologic conditions, and assessment of functional limitations of the injury.
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