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Updated: May 2, 2026

Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Published on: September 13, 2020
Neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome: summarizing a complex history and evolution
Chaney Stewman1, Peter C Vitanzo, Marc I Harwood
11Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; 2Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University and Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA; and 3Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University and Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA.
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a complex condition affecting the brachial plexus. This review focuses on neurogenic TOS (NTOS), its various forms, and implications for athletes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Neurology
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is an umbrella term for various conditions.
- Neurogenic TOS (NTOS) is the primary cause of TOS but is complex and debated.
- NTOS presents with diverse types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the range of thoracic outlet diseases impacting the brachial plexus.
- To emphasize NTOS in the context of sports medicine patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of TOS and NTOS.
- Focus on clinical presentations and diagnostic findings.
- Examination of therapeutic modalities.
Main Results:
- NTOS is a significant and multifaceted component of TOS.
- The condition affects the brachial plexus and is common in athletes.
- Varied etiologies and presentations exist within NTOS.
Conclusions:
- NTOS is a complex entity within the spectrum of TOS.
- Understanding NTOS is crucial for diagnosing and treating athletes with brachial plexus issues.
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