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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

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Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
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Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles01:21

Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles

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The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
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Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...
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Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

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Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

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The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
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A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings
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The ocean takes a deep breath.

Arne Körtzinger1, Jens Schimanski, Uwe Send

  • 1Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, 24105 Kiel, Germany. akoertzinger@ifm-geomar.de

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep ocean convection replenishes oxygen, impacting carbon cycle monitoring. Autonomous float sensors enable real-time ocean oxygen tracking for global change research.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Marine Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Deep convection is crucial for oxygenating the deep ocean.
  • Variability in deep convection impacts the use of atmospheric oxygen for global carbon cycle monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of deep convection in ocean oxygenation.
  • To demonstrate the utility of autonomous floats for monitoring ocean oxygen.
  • To advocate for oxygen as a key parameter in marine global change research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sensors mounted on autonomous floats.
  • Monitored deep ocean convection and oxygen levels in near real time.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that deep convection is the primary mechanism for deep ocean oxygen replenishment.
  • Showcased the capability of autonomous float technology for real-time oceanographic monitoring.
  • Indicated that oxygen can be effectively monitored using current technology.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomous float technology provides the tools to monitor ocean oxygen in near real time.
  • Oxygen is poised to become a critical parameter in marine global change research.