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Sequence analysis of an Asian isolate of minute virus of canines (canine parvovirus type 1)
Takahisa Ohshima1, Masahiko Kishi, Masami Mochizuki
1Tsukuba Laboratories, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Japan.
Abstract:
Minute virus of canines (MVC), also known as canine parvovirus (CPV) type 1, is an autonomous parvovirus that infects domestic dogs worldwide and responsible for clinical problems of neonates and pregnant bitches. It was preliminary described that MVC is antigenically as well as genetically different from CPV type 2 that emerged later. However, much of MVC is still obscure since only a limited number of MVC isolates have been available for the study. MVC infections of Japanese and Korean dogs were epidemiologically studied in the previous study, and several MVC isolates could be cultivated in vitro. In the present study an almost full-length nucleotide sequence of a Korean MVC strain HM-6 genome was obtained and comparatively analyzed with those of the American MVC strain GA3 characterized recently. Genome structure of the HM-6 strain was similar to the GA3 strain showing 96.4% identity at the nucleotide sequence. Each of the deduced amino acid sequences of NS1, NP-1, and VP1/2 showed homology of 96.5%, 92.5%, and 97.5% between the HM-6 and GA3 strains. When compared with other parvovirus species, the HM-6 strain was most closely related to bovine parvovirus (BPV) as described for the GA3 strain. These results suggest that MVC together with BPV can possibly be classified into a new clade in the Parvovirinae subfamily.
Insights
Minute virus of canines (MVC) is genetically distinct from canine parvovirus type 2. This study sequenced a Korean MVC strain, revealing high genomic similarity to an American strain and suggesting a new parvovirus classification.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Canine Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Minute virus of canines (MVC), or canine parvovirus type 1, affects dogs globally, causing issues in neonates and pregnant bitches.
- MVC is antigenically and genetically distinct from canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2).
- Limited MVC isolates have hindered comprehensive study, leaving much of its biology obscure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To obtain and analyze the nearly full-length genome sequence of a Korean MVC strain (HM-6).
- To compare the HM-6 strain genome with the recently characterized American MVC strain (GA3).
- To investigate the phylogenetic relationship of MVC with other parvoviruses.
Main Methods:
- Obtained the almost full-length nucleotide sequence of the Korean MVC strain HM-6 genome.
- Performed comparative analysis of the HM-6 genome with the American MVC strain GA3 genome.
- Deduced and compared amino acid sequences of key viral proteins (NS1, NP-1, VP1/2).
Main Results:
- The HM-6 and GA3 MVC strains exhibited high nucleotide sequence identity (96.4%).
- Deduced amino acid sequences showed significant homology: NS1 (96.5%), NP-1 (92.5%), and VP1/2 (97.5%).
- The HM-6 strain, like GA3, showed the closest relationship to bovine parvovirus (BPV) among known parvoviruses.
Conclusions:
- MVC strains from Korea and the US share high genomic and amino acid sequence similarity.
- MVC and BPV may represent a distinct clade within the Parvovirinae subfamily.
- Further research into MVC genomics supports potential reclassification within the Parvoviridae family.
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