[Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease]

The Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are multifactorial diseases involving the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In genetic terms, the IBD are polygenic and multigenic disorders with incomplete penetrance. In the late decade, investigators have applied the complementary techniques of genome-wide scanning and candidate gene analysis to search susceptibility genes. The IBD susceptibility regions, widely replicated, are in chromosomes 16 (IBD1), 12 (IBD2) and 6 (IBD3). Recently, a significant association have been reported with Crohn's disease and NOD2/ CARD15 gene. This gene is an appropriate candidate gene because its localization and function. More studies is necessary to confirm this association, search an other variants of this gene and other candidate gene. This studies provide best comprehension of the disease pathogenesis and deliver clinical application.