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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
04:33

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

What do we know about how humans cough?

J Fong1, G Sandhu, P Ellaway

  • 1ENT Department, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|November 27, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Cerebral cortex activation can trigger vocal fold movements via brainstem pathways. While direct cortical stimulation causes vocalization, its role in initiating cough requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • The cerebral cortex plays a role in voluntary motor control, including speech production.
  • The neural pathways controlling vocal fold movement and cough are complex and not fully elucidated.
  • Understanding cortical influence on laryngeal function is crucial for managing related disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on the cerebral cortex's role in vocal fold movement and cough.
  • To explore the neural pathways involved in cortical control of the larynx.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding cortical sensation, voluntary cough control, and reflex involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies involving electrical stimulation of the motor cortex.
  • Analysis of research utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans to assess laryngeal muscle responses.
  • Examination of neuroanatomical pathways, including the nucleus ambiguous and nucleus retroambiguialis.

Main Results:

  • Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex induces vocal fold movements and vocalization.
  • Cough has not been directly reported as a result of direct cortical stimulation in reviewed studies.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans demonstrates cortical activation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Conclusions:

  • The cerebral cortex can initiate vocal fold movements through brainstem pathways.
  • The precise cortical mechanisms triggering cough and their interaction with reflex pathways remain unclear.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the relationships between cortical cough sensation, voluntary cough control, and reflex mechanisms.