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Visual acuity in premature infants.

Abraham Spierer1, Zana Royzman, Jacob Kuint

  • 1Goldschleger Eye Institute, Neonatal Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. spierera@post.tau.ac

Ophthalmologica. Journal International D'Ophtalmologie. International Journal of Ophthalmology. Zeitschrift Fur Augenheilkunde
|November 27, 2004
PubMed
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Premature infants show significantly worse visual acuity than full-term infants at six months chronological age. This visual impairment is mainly due to the immaturity of the visual system in preterm infants.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Premature infants are at higher risk for visual impairments.
  • Assessing visual acuity in infants is crucial for early detection and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure grating visual acuity in premature infants.
  • To compare visual acuity between premature and full-term infants at 6 months of age.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 73 premature and 73 full-term infants tested at 6 months chronological age using the Teller Acuity Card procedure.
  • Premature infants underwent indirect funduscopy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening.
  • Mean gestational age for premature infants was 33 weeks; mean birth weight was 1,906g.

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Main Results:

  • Impaired binocular visual acuity was observed in 53.4% of premature infants versus 11% of full-term infants (p < 0.0001).
  • Impaired monocular visual acuity was found in 13.7% of premature infants compared to 2.7% of full-term infants.
  • Within the premature group, ROP was associated with impaired monocular visual acuity (42.9% with ROP vs. 10.6% without ROP, p=0.0497).

Conclusions:

  • Premature infants exhibit significantly poorer monocular and binocular visual acuities compared to full-term infants at the same chronological age.
  • The primary cause of reduced visual acuity in premature infants is attributed to visual system immaturity.
  • Early assessment of visual acuity is vital for identifying potential developmental delays in preterm infants.