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HIV-infection in Estonia.

L Priimägi1, V Ustina, J Märtin

  • 1Institute of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Tallinn City Infectious Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia, Finland.

Clinical and Diagnostic Virology
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread in Estonia appears limited, with few clinical AIDS cases identified. Mandatory screening of over a million individuals revealed 29 HIV infections, suggesting a contained epidemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited clinical AIDS cases reported in Baltic countries suggest slower HIV spread compared to other Eastern European nations.
  • Estonia, formerly part of the Soviet Union, implemented extensive seroepidemiological screening programs to assess HIV prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the precise prevalence and transmission patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Estonia.
  • To analyze the genetic relatedness of identified HIV strains and estimate the number of infection sources.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from mandatory, large-scale seroepidemiological screening programs conducted in Estonia since June 1987.
  • Testing of over one million serum samples for HIV infection.
  • Gene sequencing of identified HIV strains to assess relatedness.

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Main Results:

  • 29 individuals were identified as HIV-infected, with one case of HIV-2. The majority reside in Tallinn.
  • Most infections are presumed to be sexually transmitted, with one case progressing to clinical AIDS.
  • Genetic analysis indicated closely related HIV strains, suggesting a limited number of introduction events.

Conclusions:

  • The spread of HIV in Estonia remains relatively limited.
  • Factors such as restricted travel during the Soviet era may have contributed to the contained spread.
  • Continued surveillance and targeted interventions are crucial for managing HIV in the region.