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Related Experiment Videos

Detectionof reverse transcriptase activity in live attenuated virus vaccines.

J Böni1, J Stalder, F Reigel

  • 1Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zurich, Gloriastr. 30, CH-8028 Zurich, Switzerland.

Clinical and Diagnostic Virology
|February 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

The ultrasensitive product-enhanced reverse transcriptase (PERT) assay detected retroviral reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in live attenuated virus vaccines. This RT activity was associated with particles and found in vaccines produced using chicken cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Biotechnology
  • Vaccine Safety

Background:

  • Biological products for human use must be free of health hazards.
  • Reverse transcriptase (RT) assays detect retroviral particles.
  • Product-enhanced reverse transcriptase (PERT) assays offer significantly higher sensitivity than conventional RT tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if RT activity is present in live attenuated virus vaccines using the PERT assay.
  • To characterize the nature of any detected RT activities.

Main Methods:

  • Testing 13 live attenuated virus vaccines (12 monovalent, 1 trivalent) for RT activity using PERT and conventional RT assays.
  • Investigating RT activity susceptibility to inhibitors, particle association, and origin.

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Main Results:

  • One trivalent and five monovalent vaccines showed RT activity with PERT assay, but were negative with conventional RT assay.
  • RT activity was sensitive to AZT-triphosphate and ddTTP, and partially associated with particles.
  • Mg(2+)-dependent RT activity banded at 1.14 g/ml; all positive vaccines were produced in chicken cells.

Conclusions:

  • Retroviral reverse transcriptase is systematically present in live attenuated virus vaccines produced in chicken-derived cells.
  • Further characterization of these RT-associated particles and their potential human interactions is necessary.
  • Despite findings, these vaccines have a long history of safe use.