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Related Experiment Videos

Mitigating thermal mechanical damage potential during two-photon dermal imaging.

Barry R Masters1, Peter T C So, Christof Buehler

  • 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Physics, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|December 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Two-photon microscopy can damage skin via thermal cavitation. This study identifies melanin absorption as the cause and proposes a pulse picker to minimize damage for noninvasive skin imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical optics
  • Dermatology
  • Laser physics

Background:

  • Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (TPEFM) enables high-resolution in vivo imaging of human skin.
  • A primary damage mechanism in TPEFM of skin is cavitation at the epidermal-dermal junction, causing thermal mechanical damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify the thermal origin of TPEFM-induced skin damage.
  • To determine the thermal mechanical damage threshold in human skin.
  • To introduce a method for mitigating this damage.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated damage mechanisms in TPEFM of human skin.
  • Determined the thermal mechanical damage threshold using Caucasian skin specimens.
  • Validated findings with a heat diffusion model.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed a laser pulse picker to reduce repetition rate.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed that thermal mechanical damage originates from one-photon absorption by melanin granules.
    • Established the damage threshold as a function of laser pulse energy and repetition rate.
    • Demonstrated that a pulse picker minimizes thermal mechanical damage while maintaining excitation efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Melanin absorption of infrared light is the primary cause of thermal mechanical damage during TPEFM of skin.
    • The thermal mechanical damage threshold is quantifiable and predictable.
    • Laser pulse picking is an effective strategy to mitigate damage, enabling safer in vivo optical biopsy.