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Resolving fluorescently labeled species using highly multiplexed spectral FLIM.

Mohamadreza Fazel1,2,3, Reza Hoseini1,2, Ayush Saurabh1,2

  • 1Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.

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|April 11, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bayes-S-FLIM enhances spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (S-FLIM) by learning spectra and lifetimes simultaneously, even with low photon counts. This method efficiently distinguishes multiple fluorophore species, overcoming limitations of current S-FLIM analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Optical Imaging
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (S-FLIM) combines spectral and lifetime data for multi-fluorophore analysis.
  • Current S-FLIM methods face challenges with pre-calibration, spectral overlap, and high photon requirements.
  • Existing techniques struggle to accurately decode complex cellular fluorescence data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel framework, Bayes-S-FLIM, for efficient S-FLIM data analysis.
  • To enable simultaneous learning of spectra and lifetimes from photon-by-photon data.
  • To reduce photon budget requirements and improve discrimination of co-localized fluorophores.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Bayesian framework (Bayes-S-FLIM) for photon-by-photon spectral and lifetime analysis.
  • Integrated simultaneous spectral and lifetime learning within the S-FLIM analysis pipeline.
  • Validated the framework using both synthetic and experimental S-FLIM data.

Main Results:

  • Bayes-S-FLIM effectively distinguishes 3 species with as few as 5000 photons, demonstrating high data efficiency.
  • The framework operates effectively in low photon count regimes, achieving sub-nanosecond lifetime discrimination.
  • Synthetic data analysis indicates potential to deconvolve up to 9 species with significant spectral overlap.

Conclusions:

  • Bayes-S-FLIM offers a significant advancement in S-FLIM analysis, overcoming key limitations of existing methods.
  • The framework provides a more robust and efficient approach for analyzing complex multi-fluorophore environments.
  • This method has the potential to enhance biological imaging by enabling detailed analysis of spectral and lifetime properties.