Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
Formation of Dilute Urine01:20

Formation of Dilute Urine

The formation of dilute urine is a critical renal adaptation that maintains fluid balance, particularly during periods of high fluid intake. This process primarily involves the juxtamedullary nephrons. By adjusting the permeability of water and ions in response to physiological conditions, the kidneys can either conserve or excrete water, resulting in concentrated or dilute urine.
Filtrate Osmolarity in the PCT
Initially, as the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), its...
Continuity Equation01:28

Continuity Equation

The continuity equation asserts that the mass flow rate must remain constant for a steady flow of an incompressible fluid within a confined system. This principle applies to systems where fluid passes through varying cross-sectional areas, such as nozzles, syringes, and pipes.
The mass flow rate is expressed as:
Conservation of Mass in Finite Cotrol Volume01:16

Conservation of Mass in Finite Cotrol Volume

The principle of conservation of mass is a fundamental law in fluid mechanics and is applied using the continuity equation. We apply the concept to a finite control volume to derive the continuity equation.
A system is defined as a collection of unchanging contents, and the conservation of mass states that a system's mass is constant.
Continuity of a Function01:23

Continuity of a Function

A function is continuous at a point a if three conditions are met: the function is defined at a, the limit of the function as x approaches a exists, and this limit equals the function’s value. Mathematically, this is written asThis definition ensures the graph of the function does not exhibit any breaks, holes, or jumps at that point. Discontinuities occur when any of these conditions fail. A removable discontinuity exists when the two-sided limit exists but the function is either undefined or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evolution of Complexity. Molecular Aspects of Preassembly.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

An Alternative Molecular View of Evolution: How DNA was Altered over Geological Time.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Coordination among Bond Formation/Cleavage in a Bifunctional-Catalyzed Fast Amide Hydrolysis: Evidence for an Optimized Intramolecular <i>N</i>-Protonation Event.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2020
Same author

Interaction vs Preorganization in Enzyme Catalysis. A Dispute That Calls for Resolution.

ACS chemical biology·2019
Same author

Digitonin as a Chemical Trigger for the Selective Transformation of Giant Vesicles.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2018
Same author

Chemical Reaction between Colliding Vesicles.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events
06:26

Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events

Published on: November 7, 2017

Contiguous versus segmented hydrophobicity in micellar systems.

Fredric M Menger1, Ashley L Galloway

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. menger@emory.edu

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 2, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Introducing ester groups into surfactant chains creates two distinct classes. One class exhibits poor colloidal properties, while the other shows normal to enhanced performance, impacting surfactant self-assembly and applications.

More Related Videos

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events
06:26

Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events

Published on: November 7, 2017

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Surfactant Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Surfactants are crucial in various applications, with their properties dictated by molecular structure.
  • Hydrocarbon chains are typical in surfactants, but modifying them offers new possibilities.
  • The systematic study of non-hydrocarbon functionalities in surfactant chains is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of inserting non-hydrocarbon functionalities, specifically ester groups, into surfactant chains.
  • To understand how these modifications affect the colloidal properties of surfactants.
  • To discover and characterize new classes of chain-modified surfactants.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two classes of chain-modified surfactants containing ester groups.
  • Characterization of self-assembly behavior, including aggregate size and mode of assembly.
  • Evaluation of interfacial properties, such as area of occupancy at the air/water interface.
  • Assessment of performance in solid adsorption and solubilization (mesitylene).

Main Results:

  • Two distinct classes of chain-modified surfactants were identified.
  • Class 1 surfactants showed noncooperative self-assembly, forming small aggregates, low foaming, high interfacial area, and weak adsorption/solubilization.
  • Class 2 surfactants exhibited normal to enhanced properties, with some exceeding conventional surfactants in mesitylene solubilization.
  • Differences were linked to hydrocarbon chain segmentation and the location of the longest segment.

Conclusions:

  • Segmented hydrophobicity in surfactants, even with ester group insertion, can induce aggregation.
  • The degree and location of hydrocarbon segmentation significantly alter self-assembly modes into films and micelles.
  • Chain-modified surfactants offer tunable properties, with potential for improved performance in specific applications like solubilization.