Richard J Bodnar1, Gad E Klein
1Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA. richard_bodnar@qc.edu
This review covers 2003 research on the endogenous opioid system, examining how molecular and genetic changes affect behavior. It details opioid roles in pain, stress, addiction, and various physiological functions.
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