Subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Parasitology

Background:

• Human dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria repens, is a recognized zoonosis prevalent in Mediterranean and South Asian regions.
• Recent years have seen an increase in reported cases from previously non-endemic countries, possibly due to heightened awareness and increased travel.
• Dirofilariasis is typically associated with exposure in endemic areas, often linked to canine reservoirs and mosquito vectors.

Observation:

• A case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection in a Saudi male is presented.
• The patient reported recent travel to Iraq, Syria, UAE, and Kuwait, but not to traditionally recognized endemic zones.
• No prior documented cases of human dirofilariasis exist in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Findings:

• The subcutaneous forearm infection in the Saudi patient represents a potential expansion of Dirofilaria repens geographical distribution.
• The travel history, while including neighboring countries, did not align with established endemic regions, suggesting possible alternative transmission routes or underreporting.
• The absence of documented cases in Saudi Arabia indicates a lack of epidemiological data and potentially undiagnosed infections.

Implications:

• This case underscores the need for increased clinical suspicion and awareness of human dirofilariasis among healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia and the broader Arabian region.
• Further epidemiological studies are crucial to determine the actual prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria repens in the Arabian Peninsula.
• Understanding potential transmission dynamics in non-traditional areas is vital for accurate diagnosis and public health management of this zoonotic parasite.