Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs
12:03

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Published on: April 25, 2014

Markers of myocardial injury and dysfunction

Patricia E Casey1

  • 1Clinical Content, Care Management Group, Quality and Health Management Department, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Patricia.e.casey@kp.org

AACN Clinical Issues
|December 9, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be challenging. This review explores cardiac markers, crucial laboratory tests that aid in diagnosing and predicting risk for ACS, improving patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a range of conditions stemming from ischemic coronary artery disease.
  • Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of adult mortality in the United States.
  • Definitive diagnosis of ACS can be challenging, necessitating reliable diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of cardiac markers used in clinical practice.
  • To elucidate the role of cardiac markers in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome.
  • To evaluate the utility of cardiac markers in predicting the risk of ACS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on cardiac markers.
  • Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of various cardiac markers.
  • Synthesis of information regarding the development and refinement of cardiac biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac markers are essential laboratory tests that support ACS diagnosis.
  • Ongoing research aims to enhance existing and develop novel cardiac markers.
  • Improved diagnostic accuracy through cardiac markers facilitates timely and appropriate patient interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac markers play a vital role in the diagnostic and risk stratification process for ACS.
  • Continued advancements in cardiac marker technology are expected to improve patient outcomes.
  • Accurate and prompt diagnosis via cardiac markers is critical for effective ACS management.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography08:13

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

Published on: February 16, 2016

Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery08:38

Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery

Published on: August 16, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...