Data selection and responsible conduct: was Millikan a fraud?

Richard C Jennings1

  • 1University of Cambridge, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, UK. rcj11@cam.ac.uk

Insights

This study examines Robert Millikan's data selection in his oil drop experiments. It argues Millikan's choices were justifiable and he did not intentionally mislead the scientific community.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • History of Science
  • Scientific Ethics

Background:

  • Examines the controversy surrounding Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment data selection.
  • Addresses the tension between historical interpretations and current Responsible Conduct of Research standards regarding data selection.

Discussion:

  • Analyzes whether Millikan's data selection was justifiable or constituted scientific misconduct.
  • Investigates the intent behind Millikan's actions and the impact on the scientific community.

Key Insights:

  • Argues that Millikan's data selection was not intentionally misleading.
  • Concludes that Millikan likely did not mislead the scientific community about the physical facts.

Outlook:

  • Re-evaluates historical scientific practices in light of modern ethical guidelines.
  • Provides a framework for distinguishing legitimate data selection from scientific fraud.

Related Concept Videos

Thomson's e/m Experiment01:19

Thomson's e/m Experiment

In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The magnetic...
The Scientific Method03:50

The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.
The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
Milgram's Obedience to Authority02:20

Milgram's Obedience to Authority

Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
Accuracy and Errors in Hypothesis Testing01:13

Accuracy and Errors in Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis testing is a fundamental statistical tool that begins with the assumption that the null hypothesis H0 is true. During this process, two types of errors can occur: Type I and Type II. A Type I error refers to the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, while a Type II error involves the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.
In hypothesis testing, the probability of making a Type I error, denoted as α, is commonly set at 0.05. This significance level indicates a 5% chance...
Accuracy and Precision01:52

Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.  Highly accurate measurements...