The difference that difference makes: bioethics and the challenge of "disability"

Area of Science:

• Bioethics
• Philosophy of Ethics
• Disability Studies

Background:

• Bioethics is characterized by two major, often conflicting, paradigms.
• One paradigm supports eugenics, euthanasia, and assisted suicide for individuals with severe physical and cognitive impairments.
• The alternative paradigm advocates for robust support systems for individuals with disabilities and their families.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the fundamental differences between two major bioethical paradigms.
• To understand the relationship between opposing viewpoints on disability ethics through a specific public debate.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of a public debate between bioethicist Peter Singer and lawyer Harriet McBryde Johnson.
• Examination of the rhetorical and linguistic distinctions between the two bioethical paradigms.

Main Results:

• The debate highlights two distinct sets of axiomatic values underpinning the opposing bioethical paradigms.
• These differing values result in divergent ethical languages, not merely different rhetorical styles.

Conclusions:

• The conflict between the two bioethical paradigms stems from fundamentally different value systems.
• Recognizing these distinct ethical languages is crucial for understanding and navigating bioethical disagreements regarding disability and life choices.