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Related Experiment Videos

Biotechnological processes for conversion of corn into ethanol.

R J Bothast1, M A Schlicher

  • 1National Corn-To-Ethanol Research Center, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 400 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62025, USA. rbothas@siue.edu

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|December 16, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Fuel ethanol production from corn is a key U.S. industry, with ongoing research focused on improving economic viability through higher-yield corn hybrids and advanced conversion technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ethanol has been a U.S. fuel source for over a century, facing economic challenges against petroleum.
  • Renewed interest in ethanol stems from its benefits for rural economies, the environment, and U.S. energy security.
  • Current fuel ethanol is primarily produced via dry grind or wet mill processes from corn.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current fuel ethanol production methods in the United States.
  • To identify key areas for research aimed at enhancing the economic viability of ethanol production.
  • To highlight the importance of co-product generation and its impact on the industry.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of existing dry grind and wet mill ethanol production processes.

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  • Analysis of current ethanol yields per bushel of corn for each process.
  • Identification of research directions for improving starch content, fiber conversion, and co-product development.

    • Main Results:

    • Dry grind and wet mill processes yield 2.8 and 2.5 gallons of ethanol per bushel of corn, respectively.
    • Valuable co-products like distillers dried grains with solubles (dry grind) and corn gluten meal/feed (wet mill) are generated.
    • The dry grind process dominates new industry growth, particularly in rural corn belt communities.

    Conclusions:

    • Fuel ethanol production is currently energy-efficient but requires further research for long-term economic improvement.
    • Key research areas include developing higher-starch corn hybrids, converting corn fiber to ethanol, and creating higher-value co-products.
    • Advancements in these areas are crucial for the sustained growth and competitiveness of the U.S. fuel ethanol industry.