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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
Published on: February 16, 2011
Improving design and analysis of research: lessons from clinical research
1Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. doug.altman@cancer.org.uk
Abstract:
There is a clear need to optimise the use of animals in research and to ensure that the studies that are done make a worthwhile contribution to scientific knowledge. Research that has an inappropriate study design, or is improperly analysed or interpreted, may mislead and is not defensible. Published reviews of the quality of design and analysis in clinical studies are used to see what lessons can be drawn in respect of animal research. The need for clear and full reporting of research is discussed.
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