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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
Chemistry of the Cell02:58

Chemistry of the Cell

The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
Water
The polarity of the water molecule and its resulting hydrogen bonding makes water a unique substance with special properties that are intimately tied to the processes of life. Life originally evolved in an aqueous environment, and most of an organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism occur inside the aqueous contents of the cell’s cytoplasm. Special properties of water are its high heat capacity and heat of...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...

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Lessons from natural molecules.

Jon Clardy1, Christopher Walsh

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jon_clardy@hms.harvard.edu

Nature
|December 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural products, complex molecules from nature, inspire drug discovery. Advances in biosynthesis and synthesis methods herald a new era for natural product research in science and medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Natural products have been a source of inspiration for chemists and physicians for thousands of years.
  • Their complex structures have driven innovation in synthetic chemistry, leading to numerous therapeutic agents.
  • Many current pharmaceuticals are derived from or are natural products themselves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the historical and ongoing significance of natural products in medicine.
  • To underscore the impact of recent advancements in understanding natural product biosynthesis.
  • To explore the potential of new methodologies in natural product isolation, characterization, and synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and recent literature on natural products.
  • Analysis of advances in biosynthetic pathway elucidation.
  • Examination of modern techniques for natural product isolation and characterization.
  • Discussion of contemporary synthetic strategies for natural product analogs.

Main Results:

  • Natural products remain a vital resource for drug discovery, offering unique chemical scaffolds.
  • Significant progress in understanding the biological pathways of natural product formation.
  • Improved efficiency and scope of methods for isolating, identifying, and synthesizing these compounds.

Conclusions:

  • The convergence of biosynthetic knowledge and synthetic capabilities marks a pivotal moment for natural product research.
  • This synergy promises to accelerate the discovery and development of novel therapeutics.
  • A new era of natural product investigation is emerging in both academic and industrial settings.