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Alterations in postnatal intestinal function during chronic hypoxemia.

D Bernstein1, J G Bell, L Kwong

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, California 94305.

Pediatric Research
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Chronic hypoxemia in newborn lambs reduced overall growth but did not affect small intestine size. Digestive enzyme activity, particularly lactase, was significantly decreased in hypoxemic lambs, impacting nutrient absorption.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Chronic hypoxemia is a known cause of growth failure in infants with congenital heart disease.
  • The impact of infantile hypoxemia on gastrointestinal development and function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of chronic hypoxemia on small intestinal growth and digestive enzyme activity in newborn lambs.
  • To determine if hypoxemia during infancy impairs gastrointestinal development.

Main Methods:

  • Newborn lambs were subjected to chronic hypoxemia (aortic oxygen saturation 60-74%) for 2 weeks using a pulmonary artery occluder and atrial septostomy.
  • Control lambs were age-matched.
  • Small intestinal growth (weight, length, mucosal protein/DNA) and digestive enzyme activities (lactase, maltase, etc.) were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Hypoxemic lambs exhibited a significantly reduced somatic growth rate (60% of controls) without altered caloric intake.
  • Small intestinal growth parameters (weight, length, mucosal content) were not significantly different between groups.
  • Specific and total lactase activity in the small intestine were significantly decreased in hypoxemic lambs.
  • Other digestive enzymes showed non-significant decreases in activity.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic infantile hypoxemia impairs somatic growth but does not inhibit small intestinal growth in lambs.
  • Reduced lactase activity in hypoxemic lambs suggests impaired carbohydrate digestion and potential malabsorption.
  • These findings highlight the gastrointestinal consequences of hypoxemia in early development.