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Updated: Aug 20, 2026
Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures
Published on: January 9, 2019
[The genetics of glioma: molecular classification]
Sophie Taillibert1, Marta Pedretti, Marc Sanson
1Fédération de neurologie Mazarin, Bâtiment Mazarin, Hôpital Salpétrière, 47-83 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris.
Abstract:
Gliomas result from specific genetic alterations--such as activation of specific oncogenes and/or inactivation of specific tumor suppressor genes. These alterations affect specific pathways involved in either signal transduction or cell cycle control, leading to phenotypic changes such as uncontrolled proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, genetic instability, invasive properties. Tumoral progression includes multiple molecular pathways of clinical relevance: early alterations (p53 mutations for astrocytomas, 1p and 19q loss for oligodendrogliomas) and late alterations (EGF-R amplification, PTEN and P16/CDKN2A inactivation). Genetic profile is not only of diagnostic--but also prognostic relevance, as shown by 1p associated to 19q loss in oligodendrogliomas which is predictive of better prognosis and higher response rate.
Insights
Gliomas arise from genetic changes affecting cell growth and death pathways. Specific genetic alterations, like 1p/19q loss in oligodendrogliomas, are key for diagnosis and predicting patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Molecular genetics
- Cancer biology
Context:
- Gliomas are primary brain tumors originating from glial cells.
- Tumorigenesis involves the accumulation of genetic alterations.
- These alterations impact critical cellular pathways.
Purpose:
- To elucidate the genetic underpinnings of glioma development.
- To identify key molecular pathways involved in glioma progression.
- To explore the diagnostic and prognostic significance of genetic profiles.
Summary:
- Gliomas develop due to oncogene activation or tumor suppressor gene inactivation.
- These genetic changes disrupt signal transduction and cell cycle control, causing uncontrolled proliferation and invasiveness.
- Key alterations include p53 mutations (astrocytomas), 1p/19q loss (oligodendrogliomas), EGF-R amplification, and PTEN/P16/CDKN2A inactivation.
Impact:
- Genetic profiling aids in glioma diagnosis and classification.
- Specific genetic markers, such as 1p/19q loss, predict a better prognosis and treatment response in oligodendrogliomas.
- Understanding these molecular pathways is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
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