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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple myeloma and contrast media.

C S McCarthy1, J A Becker

  • 1Department of Radiology, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11203.

Radiology
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Contrast media rarely cause acute renal failure (ARF) in myeloma patients. Key risk factors for ARF in these patients include hypercalcemia, dehydration, and infection, not contrast agents.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Intravenous contrast media are often suspected as a primary cause of acute renal failure (ARF) in multiple myeloma patients.
  • Emerging evidence suggests other factors are more significant contributors to ARF in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the actual risk of ARF associated with contrast media administration in myeloma patients.
  • To identify and contrast the risk factors for ARF in myeloma patients.

Main Methods:

  • A review of seven retrospective studies involving 476 multiple myeloma patients who underwent 568 contrast media studies.
  • Analysis of ARF prevalence in myeloma patients exposed to contrast media compared to the general population.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of ARF following contrast media administration in myeloma patients ranged from 0.6% to 1.25%.
  • A large series reported an ARF incidence of 0.15% in the general population after contrast media exposure.
  • Hypercalcemia, dehydration, infection, and Bence Jones proteinuria were identified as predominant risk factors for ARF.

Conclusions:

  • Contrast media administration poses a low risk for ARF in myeloma patients.
  • The risk of ARF in myeloma patients is primarily linked to intrinsic disease factors and patient hydration status, rather than contrast media itself.
  • Contrast media may be safely administered to myeloma patients when clinically indicated, provided adequate hydration is maintained.

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