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Published on: April 28, 2016
Gastrointestinal hormones and food intake
April D Strader1, Stephen C Woods
1Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 2170 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
Gastroenterology
|January 6, 2005
Summary
Gut hormones like cholecystokinin (CCK) regulate body weight by matching energy intake and expenditure. These satiety signals, enhanced by obesity surgery, are key to effective weight management.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Endocrinology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Animals maintain stable body weight despite calorie fluctuations through precise energy intake and expenditure matching.
- Long-term energy balance relies on signals like insulin and leptin, complemented by short-term, meal-related cues such as cholecystokinin (CCK).
- Gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells release hormones in response to nutrient presence and mechanical stimulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of gut hormones as mediators of satiety.
- To present evidence from human and rodent studies, including pharmacologic and physiologic data.
- To explore insights from murine knockout models and the impact of obesity surgery on satiety hormone signaling.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pharmacologic and physiologic studies in humans and rodents.
- Analysis of data from murine knockout models.
- Examination of hormonal changes following bariatric surgery.
Main Results:
- Gut hormones are released based on nutrient concentration and composition.
- Hormonal signals are transmitted neurally and humorally to the central nervous system (CNS).
- The CNS interprets these signals, modifying feeding behavior.
Conclusions:
- Gut hormones, traditionally viewed as short-term satiety signals, play a crucial role in energy balance.
- Enhanced and chronic secretion of these hormones following gastric bypass surgery likely contributes to its effectiveness in obesity treatment.
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