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Gastrointestinal neuroendocrinology.

David A Schneider1, Ayman I Sayegh

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wegner Hall, Room 205, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA. das@vetmed.wsu.edu

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|January 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Individual enteroendocrine cells in the gut release hormones that signal target cells. Receptor activation triggers intracellular events, with outcomes depending on G-protein coupling.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastrointestinal endocrinology
  • Cell signaling
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Enteroendocrine cells are scattered throughout the gastrointestinal mucosa.
  • These cells secrete various peptide and nonpeptide hormones.
  • Hormones act on target cells via specific cell surface receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the mechanisms of hormone action by enteroendocrine cells.
  • To explain signal transduction pathways following receptor activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on enteroendocrine cell function.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of G-protein coupled receptor signaling.

Main Results:

  • Enteroendocrine cells release diverse hormones affecting multiple targets.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Receptor activation initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades.
  • Signal transduction can be excitatory or inhibitory based on G-protein subunit coupling.

    • Conclusions:

    • Enteroendocrine cell hormone release is a key regulatory process in the gastrointestinal tract.
    • Signal transduction pathways are diverse and critical for mediating hormonal effects.
    • G-protein coupling specificity determines the cellular response to enteroendocrine hormones.