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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

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Published on: July 3, 2025
Optimization of an analytical method for detecting paraphenylenediamine (PPD) by GC/MS-iontrap in biological liquids
A Stambouli1, M A Bellimam, N El Karni
1Laboratory of Forensic Sciences of Moroccan Gendarmerie Royale, BP. 6597, Rabat Instituts, CP 10100 Rabat-Maroc, Morocco. labgr@menara.ma
Abstract:
A method for qualitative and quantitative determination of paraphenylenediamine in biological fluids (blood, urine and gastric content) was developed. This analytical procedure involves deproteneisation or hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, derivatization with TFA followed by GC-MS iontrap analysis. Benzidine was the internal standard used for quantification and the extraction recovery test was about 85%. The detection limit of paraphenylenediamine was determined at 0.1 pg (S/N=10).
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