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Ephedrine- and guaifenesin-induced nephrolithiasis
Stephen Bennett1, Nathan Hoffman, Manoj Monga
1Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.)
|January 28, 2005
Summary
Ephedrine and guaifenesin can cause kidney stones, particularly with overuse. These pharmaceutical metabolites form radiolucent stones requiring CT scans for diagnosis, with alkalinization therapy as a potential treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Nephrology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Ephedrine and guaifenesin are widely used herbal supplements.
- Both compounds are found in various over-the-counter medications for cough and congestion.
- Increased usage has led to concerns regarding adverse effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review reported cases of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) induced by ephedrine and guaifenesin.
- To discuss diagnostic techniques for these specific types of kidney stones.
- To outline effective treatment strategies for ephedrine- and guaifenesin-induced stones.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of reported cases of nephrolithiasis linked to ephedrine and guaifenesin.
- Review of diagnostic imaging and therapeutic interventions.
Main Results:
- Ephedrine and guaifenesin contribute to over 35% of drug-related urinary stones.
- These stones are radiolucent, necessitating computerized tomography (CT) for diagnosis.
- Alkalinization therapy shows promise for treatment and recurrence prevention.
Conclusions:
- Ephedrine and guaifenesin can induce nephrolithiasis, even when used individually.
- Clinicians must be aware of this potential adverse effect, especially in cases of substance abuse.
- Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, including alkalinization, are crucial.